The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Changing Work Environment: Differences in Perceptions Across Education Level, Type of Work, and Job Position in Slovakia

Abstract

Background: The rapid development of artificial intelligence is transforming business operations, work processes, and organizational structures. Companies increasingly rely on data-driven decision-making and automation to enhance efficiency and competitiveness. However, the successful integration of artificial intelligence does not depend solely on technological readiness, but also on employees’ perceptions, attitudes, and adaptability. Previous studies suggest that educational level, type of work, and hierarchical position may influence how individuals perceive technological change and its consequences.

Purpose: This study examines how employees in Slovak enterprises perceive the future impact of artificial intelligence on business operations. It investigates whether educational background, type of work, and job position influence workplace attitudes toward artificial intelligence.

Study design/methodology/approach: A quantitative survey was conducted among employees of Slovak companies in 2024. Data were collected through an online questionnaire using Likert-scale statements. After data cleaning, 260 responses were analyzed. The hypotheses were tested using non-parametric statistical methods to examine differences between groups.

Findings/conclusions: The results indicate that educational level has only a limited effect on perceptions of artificial intelligence, with significant differences appearing mainly in relation to decision-making and data analysis. In contrast, clear differences were found between employees performing mental and physical work, with mental workers expressing more positive attitudes. Differences were also found across hierarchical positions, with managers reporting more favorable expectations regarding efficiency, innovation, and organizational change. The findings highlight that the integration of artificial intelligence is not only a technological issue but also a managerial and organizational challenge.

Limitations/future research: The study is based on a convenience sample and a cross-sectional research design, and it represents an investigation limited to Slovakia. Therefore, the findings should be interpreted as exploratory and may not be fully generalizable. Future research should examine larger and more diverse samples and explore the long-term organizational and psychological effects of artificial intelligence adoption.